01

Status

Category III. A rare bird with declining numbers. Listed in the Red Book of the USSR.

02

Distribution

Widely distributed in Eurasia. In Kazakhstan, it is found in the southern and eastern mountains, as well as in Mangyshlak, Ustyurt, the Syr Darya valley, Kyzylkum, and other regions.

03

Habitat

Prefers xerophytic and forested slopes with canyons, cliffs, rocky outcrops, pine forests, and desert saxaul forests.

04

Population

In East Kazakhstan, 50-70 pairs inhabit an area of 97.3 thousand km². In the Tien Shan and other regions, each pair occupies an area of 10-15 km. The total population in Kazakhstan is estimated in the hundreds of pairs.

05

Main threats

Direct destruction, nest robbing, habitat alteration, food scarcity, and mortality from power lines, traps, and poisoned baits.

06

Biology

A sedentary bird. Builds massive nests on cliffs or tall trees. The clutch contains 1-2 eggs, with incubation lasting 40-45 days. Chicks remain in the nest for about 75 days, fledging in July. Feeds on rodents and birds, and willingly consumes carrion in winter.

07

Conservation measures

Included in Appendix II of CITES. Protected in several reserves in Kazakhstan.

08

Necessary actions

Conduct educational work among hunters, regulate the acquisition and keeping of hunting eagles, individually protect nests, and provide winter feeding.

09

Research

Compile a registry of nesting sites, assess population numbers by region, study factors affecting the density and distribution of golden eagles.